THE COLONIZER AND THE COLONIZED IN HOMELAND...AS NATIVE FILIPINOS FOUGHT FOR AMERICA DURING WORLD WAR 2. ...WHO GOT SHAFTED?

“We gave the Philippines political freedom to enter the world family of nations, but did we give them internal political liberty? More important still, did we grant them economic freedom? – Harold L. Ickes, longest tenured U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1933-1946)

OUR HOMELAND PHILIPPINES: THE COLONIZER AND THE COLONIZED. WHO GOT SHAFTED?

LESSONS TO BE LEARNED:

GROWING UP WE NATIVE FILIPINOS ARE TOLD REPEATEDLY OF "US-PHILIPPINES SPECIAL RELATIONS"-- WHAT IS IT REALLY?
1. HIDDEN AND/OR GLOSSED OVER HISTORY LED TO OUR IGNORANCE, NAIVETE, AND SENTIMENTALITY.
2. FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN COUNTRIES IS NOT AND NEVER THE SAME AS PERSONAL FRIENDSHIP. WITH AMERICA/USA, DECLARATIONS, PROMISES, ETC. MADE BY ANY AMERICAN OFFICIAL WHETHER ITS PRESIDENT, MILITARY GENERAL, AMBASSADOR, ET AL. ARE NOT BINDING OR GUARANTEED UNLESS SUCH PRONOUNCEMENTS HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY CONGRESS. 3. NEED TO LOOK AT THE MIRROR: TO RECOGNIZE OUR NAIVETE, IGNORANCE, AND SENTIMENTALITY... AND GROW UP (HOWEVER LATE).
Below is an extremely costly and painful experience most native Filipinos were/are not aware of.
(Fast forward today, it seems the present Duterte regime is beholden to the new bully with resurgent imperial ambitions in the region: former Communist China.)

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LET US NOT KEEP OUR HEADS IN THE SAND

To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; credible we must be truthful." - Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965)

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Filipino World War II veterans did receive recognition in 2017 when they were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal—the country’s highest civilian honor—but many still lack benefits. With many of these veterans in their nineties, their numbers are dwindling by the day.

“There are not many left, maybe less than 10,000, Taguba says, "so this is a battle of attrition.”

NATIVE FILIPINOS FOUGHT FOR AMERICA DURING WORLD WAR 2. THEN HAD TO FIGHT FOR VETERANS BENEFITS. - Christopher Klein

On an early December morning in 1941, waves of Japanese bombers roared through American airspace. While air sirens wailed and guns blazed, American nationals took cover as a surprise attack in the Pacific sank U.S. battleships and crippled the largest aggregation of American warplanes outside of North America.

This Japanese attack didn’t occur on the infamous date of December 7, 1941, however, but a day later on the other side of the International Dateline. And the target wasn’t Hawaii’s Pearl Harbor, but the Philippines, which had been an American possession since the 1898 Spanish-American War. Hours after the air raids, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt spoke on the radio to decry the Japanese “bombing our citizens in Hawaii and the Philippines.”

After the attacks that drew the United States into World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pledged to defend the American commonwealth of the Philippines. “So long as the flag of the United States flies on Filipino soil as a pledge of our duty to your people, it will be defended by our own men to the death,” he said.

A presidential order earlier in the year had brought all military forces in the Philippines under American control in the U.S. Armed Forces of the Far East, and Filipinos answered their commander-in-chief’s call and enlisted by the tens of thousands. As citizens of an American commonwealth, Filipino soldiers were legally American nationals, and Roosevelt promised them the same veterans’ benefits given to members of the U.S. Armed Forces.

Unlike the lightning strike on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese sustained their attacks on the Philippines in the weeks following the entry of the United States into World War II. After staging an amphibious landing, Japanese forces occupied Manila. Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, Filipinos fought alongside American soldiers in the Battle of Bataan. After the defeat of the Allied forces and the escape of MacArthur to Australia, Filipinos were among the estimated 10,000 soldiers who died during the Japan-led, 60-mile “Death March” across the Bataan Peninsula.

Even after the surrender of the Philippines in May 1942, Filipino guerrilla forces continued to fight their Japanese occupiers in the archipelago’s jungles and mountains. For three years they kept up their resistance until MacArthur returned with troops that eventually drove out the Japanese. By the time it ended in 1945, the war had claimed a terrible toll, including the deaths of an estimated one million Filipinos.

In a clandestine radio broadcast to the Philippines in August 1943, Roosevelt said, “I give the Filipino people my word that the Republic of the Philippines will be established the moment the power of our Japanese enemies is destroyed.” That promise was fulfilled on the Fourth of July in 1946 when Filipinos celebrated an independence day of their own as the American flag was lowered and replaced by the ensign of the newly independent Philippines.

Another of Roosevelt’s promises, however, was quickly broken. Earlier in 1946, Congress passed the Rescission Act, which retroactively annulled the benefits promised to veterans and their widows and children because of concerns over its projected price tag of upwards of $3 billion.

“The priority after World War II was in Europe, and the government made a determination they would instead pay $200 million to the Filipino government, which would disperse the money,” says Antonio Taguba, a retired U.S. Army major general and chairman of the Filipino Veterans Recognition and Education Project, which is working for due recognition and benefits to Filipino World War II veterans and their widows.

In spite of his reluctance, President Harry Truman signed the legislation. “I consider it a moral obligation of the United States to look after the welfare of Philippine Army veterans,” he said in a statement at the bill signing. “They fought, as American nationals, under the American flag, and under the direction of our military leaders. They fought with gallantry and courage under most difficult conditions during the recent conflict.”

More than seven decades later, Filipino veterans were still waiting for the U.S. government to fulfill that obligation. While members of the “Old” Philippine Scouts were eligible to receive full benefits, that has not been the case with members of the Commonwealth Army of the Philippines, Recognized Guerrilla Forces, and New Philippine Scouts.

The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act provided for one-time, lump-sum payments of $15,000 to surviving Filipino veterans who were American citizens and $9,000 to non-citizens. As of January 1, 2019, more than 18,000 claims had been approved by the U.S. government, but nearly 24,000 had been denied, in part because of requirements, Taguba says. In order to receive compensation, veterans must be on a list of 260,715 Filipino guerrilla fighters compiled by the federal government immediately after the war as well as the so-called “Missouri List” of veterans, which is incomplete as a result of a 1973 fire that destroyed millions of military records, including those of many Filipinos who served during World War II.

“It’s almost an exercise in futility,” says Taguba, whose father served in the Philippine Scouts, escaped from the Bataan Death March, and continued to fight as a guerrilla in northern Luzon.

Filipino World War II veterans did receive recognition in 2017 when they were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal—the country’s highest civilian honor—but many still lack benefits. With many of these veterans in their nineties, their numbers are dwindling by the day.

“There are not many left, maybe less than 10,000, Taguba says, "so this is a battle of attrition.”

SOURCE:https://www.history.com/news/filipino-americans-veterans-day?fbclid=IwAR05QsxjcxU5nh3uEhByNhUNihL8FJDknXNe9k7e-F5LLoF7Cl1PhcFCR3I

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See also: About the "Public Law 70-301, known as the Rescission Act of 1946."

The Filipino Veterans Movement

I, ______________, do solemnly swear...that I will bear true faith and allegiance...to the United States of America...that I will serve them honestly and faithfully...against all their enemies whomsoever...and I will obey the orders...of the President of the United States...And the orders of the officers appointed over me...according to the rules and Articles of War."

With this pledge, approximately 250,000 Filipino men joined the U.S. Armed Forces in the months before and the days just after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. For the next several years, they would share the fate of their American counterparts on the battlefield, in prisoner of war camps, and throughout the countryside as part of the guerrilla resistance. Accordingly, Washington promised them the same health and pension benefits as their American brothers. Even after the war, in October of 1945, Gen. Omar Bradley, then Administrator of the Veterans Administration, reaffirmed that they were to be treated like any other American veterans.

But on February 18, 1946, Congress passed and President Truman signed Public Law 70-301, known as the Rescission Act of 1946. It said that the service of Filipinos "shall not be deemed to be or to have been served in the military or national forces of the United States or any component thereof or any law of the United States conferring rights, privileges or benefits."

Ever since Filipino veterans and others appalled by this injustice have lobbied without success for a reversal of the Rescission Act. Mr. Gustavo Ingles, whose sacrifices are vividly described above, gave voice to their frustration in his interview with American Experience...

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/macarthur-filipino-veterans-movement/

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ALSO:

Forgotten: The Battle Thousands of WWII Veterans Are Still Fighting

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/forgotten-battle-thousands-wwii-veterans-are-still-fighting-n520456?fbclid=IwAR2YmJcf6cH4-LlUwtk7DeXM1honpzEP7oOVCbeEQ2k87xTbQrv5nqDOEtU